Intelligent One AIUrology Guide
← All chapters Chapter 1 — Orientation: The APP in Urology DidacticsPathwaySuggest

Chapter 1 · Advanced Urology · Georgia

Orientation: The APP in Urology

This guide is written for the advanced practice provider (NP or PA) new to urology at Advanced Urology. It assumes strong general clinical training but little urology-specific background.

45 pathway steps4 pathways12 local-policy steps
Your learning progress0 of 31 chapters complete

Saved privately in this browser and shared across state tabs.

Practice philosophy

Who cares more? We do.

Care is an action, not a slogan. Go the extra mile, make the patient feel that you care, and use every appropriate resource to move the patient toward the best achievable outcome.

01

Go the extra mile

Anticipate the next obstacle, close the loop, and do not pass a solvable problem to someone else.

02

Show that you care

Listen closely, explain and draw the plan, respond when patients call, and make sure the next step is scheduled.

03

Be innovative and creative

Use technology, colleagues, and thoughtful problem-solving to find a safe path forward within evidence, privileges, and policy.

04

Create a great outcome

We cannot promise a cure, but we can always improve the outcome: relief, clarity, dignity, a safe plan, timely escalation, or a follow-up that does not get missed.

Didactics

Shared across all locations

This guide is written for the advanced practice provider (NP or PA) new to urology at Advanced Urology. It assumes strong general clinical training but little urology-specific background. Chapters move from the highest-acuity material (emergencies) to office, procedural, and perioperative topics. Each chapter is designed to stand alone, so you can jump directly to what you need on a given day. Throughout, boxes marked “Advanced Urology position” reflect how we practice here — which sometimes differs deliberately from the generic guideline default.

Ask for help — we are one of the most collaborative groups in the country

  • This is the single most important thing to know on day one: you can always ask anyone for help. Every physician and every APP here wants to help you, and no one will think less of you for asking. Never sit on uncertainty.

  • Curbside a colleague, call the on-call urologist, grab whoever is in the hallway. The culture is genuinely collegial — use it, especially early.

  • The only unforgivable error in this specialty is the one you sat on quietly. Torsion, sepsis, and cord compression punish delay, not questions.

About Advanced Urology

  • One of the largest urology groups in metro Atlanta, with about 50 total providers: 14 clinics, 6 state-of-the-art ambulatory surgery centers, 2 interventional radiology surgery centers, PET/CT molecular imaging, histotripsy, and more. Very little has to leave the practice.

  • Advanced Urology excels at offering same-day access to appointments and surgery; implementing care pathways that quickly get patients to their desired outcome; and utilizing automation that improves efficiency and reduces errors.

  • OR access is our strength, not a constraint: our six ASCs have full capability and we add on urgent cases every day of the week — urinary retention with urethral stricture, stent placement and exchange, and more. If a patient needs the OR, we get them there. Note the one boundary: an ASC is a same-day-discharge facility, so any patient who will need an overnight admission or an ICU bed (most importantly, the septic patient with an obstructed, infected stone) goes to the hospital instead.

  • Centers of Excellence anchor our differentiated care — including prostatic artery embolization (PAE), UroLift, Medtronic InterStim sacral neuromodulation, PET/CT molecular imaging, and tibial neuromodulation.

  • Interventional radiology is part of the practice: we have 2 dedicated interventional radiology surgery centers (Alpharetta and Decatur), and our interventional radiologists are part of the practice — colleagues, not an outside referral. They perform prostatic artery embolization (Chapter 4) and varicocele embolization (Chapter 12).

  • Imaging we own: ultrasound (renal, scrotal, penile) at every location; PET/CT (PSMA and FDG) at Snellville, with Alpharetta coming. Know what we have and where — it determines whether you can keep a study in-house or have to send it out (Chapter 21).

  • Comprehensive cancer care in-house: infusion therapy (immunotherapy) and pharmacy dispensing of advanced prostate-cancer agents, so patients are treated within the practice (Chapter 20).

  • We accept all major insurances — access should rarely be the barrier to getting a patient treated.

  • Keep care inside our four walls: we control quality, turnaround, and the patient experience best when the imaging, the procedure, the infusion, and the pharmacy are ours. For that reason we deliberately avoid sending patients out for imaging or to hospitals whenever we can do it in-house — default to keeping the work here.

  • Care philosophy: fix the problem definitively with minimally invasive technology rather than manage it indefinitely with medication — and steer away from drugs (like anticholinergics) whose long-term risks outweigh their benefit.

1.1 What you will actually do — an APP practicing at the top of license

This is not a scribe job or a medical assistant job. Advanced Urology has built what we believe is the best APP role in the country, and our APPs are among the most talented and capable anywhere — because they are trained to practice at the very top of their license and are given the autonomy to do it. You will of course run a urology clinic — new consults and follow-ups, chronic BPH and overactive bladder, hematuria and PSA work-ups, catheter and stent problems, cancer surveillance — but as you progress you will also move into the procedural side of the practice.

The procedural scope open to our APPs: — cystoscopy, prostate biopsy, ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy and stent placement, sacral neuromodulation (SNS), peripheral nerve evaluation (PNE), intravesical BCG and chemotherapy, catheter and suprapubic-tube management, urethral dilation, and more — well beyond the office basics of bladder scans, uroflow/PVR, and stent-on-a-string removal. You will not do all of this on day one, and you are not expected to. You will move through a structured competency pathway — observe, assist, perform with the physician scrubbed, then perform with the physician immediately available — advancing procedure by procedure as you and your supervising physician agree you are ready. The pace is individual. Step-by-step technique for each procedure is in Chapter 26.

The AU APP role — top of license, not a scribe

  • You will do real procedures — cysto, prostate biopsy, URS laser litho + stent, SNS, PNE, and more — not just documentation and MA work. Few groups anywhere let APPs practice this far up their license, and none support it better.

  • Best-in-class training, genuine autonomy, and direct physician supervision always available: you are supported, never on your own, and never boxed in.

  • Scope is earned, not assumed. You advance through a competency pathway with your supervising physician; nobody is pushed into a procedure before they are ready, and nobody is held back once they are.

  • The combination of scope, teaching, and backup is why we consider this the best APP job in the country — rise to it.

1.2 Your toolkit: IntelligentOne on the MacBook Neo

Every AU APP is issued a MacBook Neo with IntelligentOne loaded on it. IntelligentOne is our AI clinical operating system — an intelligence layer that sits on top of the EMR (no migration, no separate login workflow) and removes the administrative drag so you can spend your time being a clinician and proceduralist. Think of it as point-of-care clinical decision support plus an automation engine, built specifically for urology.

Why this matters for you

  • IntelligentOne is what lets our APPs practice at the top of license: it absorbs the documentation and administrative load (practices report 40–60% less admin burden) so your hours go to patients and procedures — not paperwork.

  • Use it as a second set of eyes, not a substitute for judgment: verify its recommendations, and escalate anything that does not fit the patient in front of you.

1.3 A dependable clinic workflow

  1. Frame the visit: new consult, established follow-up, procedure, or acute problem. This sets your time and documentation expectations.

  2. Review objective data BEFORE you walk in: urinalysis/culture, PSA trend (with dates), creatinine/eGFR, prior imaging (read the actual report, not just the impression), cytology, operative notes, and pathology. Walking in cold is the most common cause of a wasted visit.

  3. Get the FULL urologic history — not just the history of the presenting complaint. Screen every patient for LUTS, hematuria, incontinence, sexual function, and PSA screening, whatever they came in for (Section 1.4).

  4. Do the focused exam: abdomen/flank (palpable bladder, CVA tenderness), external genitalia, DRE when indicated, and pelvic exam for female LUTS/prolapse.

  5. Formulate an assessment and a shared plan. Name the diagnosis out loud to the patient in plain language.

  6. Close the loop: confirm the safety net (what should prompt them to call or return), who is ordering what, and the follow-up interval. Make sure the follow-up is scheduled before the patient leaves. Document it.

  7. Complete the post-visit workflow:

    1. Review the IntelligentOne post-visit analysis. It evaluates the clinical care against applicable guidelines to help make sure the patient receives the best care and nothing is missed.

    2. Send the patient the appropriate brochure from Urology411.com. This internal patient-education tool texts the brochure directly to the patient.

    3. Send the patient a post-visit summary.

    If the patient had a good visit, also send the patient a review link.

1.4 Take a FULL urologic history on every patient — every time

This is a core expectation at Advanced Urology, and it is one of the easiest ways to be a great APP rather than an average one. The patient in front of you came in for a kidney stone. Ask them about their urinary stream anyway. Ask about nocturia, urgency, and leakage. Ask about erections. Ask whether they have ever had their PSA checked. Ask about blood in the urine. Do it even when it is not the reason for the visit — especially then.

Do not miss a urologic complaint — it is our job

  • Screen EVERY patient for the full urologic review of systems regardless of why they came in: LUTS (storage, voiding, post-micturition), hematuria, incontinence, sexual function, and — in men of the appropriate age — PSA screening and a shared decision-making conversation (Chapter 8).

  • Patients do not volunteer these things. They are embarrassed, they assume leaking or a weak stream is “just age,” and they will not raise it unless you do. A man will sit through an entire stone follow-up and never mention that he gets up five times a night.

  • We are the urologists. If a urologic problem walks through our door and leaves undiagnosed because nobody asked, that is on us — no one else is going to catch it. A stone visit is a chance to find the BPH, the low testosterone, the microscopic hematuria, and the prostate cancer.

  • This is also how a practice grows the right way: by taking complete care of the patient in front of you.

The core urologic history (LUTS framework)

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) divide into storage, voiding, and post-micturition categories. Naming the category guides your differential and your treatment. Most patients have a mix — your job is to identify which component bothers them most, because that is the one you treat.

Category

Symptoms

Typical drivers

Storage (irritative)

Frequency, urgency, nocturia, urgency incontinence

OAB, infection, stones, bladder tumor/CIS, diabetes, CHF, caffeine

Voiding (obstructive)

Weak/intermittent stream, hesitancy, straining, terminal dribbling, incomplete emptying

BPH/bladder-outlet obstruction, urethral stricture, hypocontractile (underactive) bladder, neurogenic, prior surgery

Post-micturition

Post-void dribble, sensation of incomplete emptying

Urine retained in the bulbar urethra, high PVR

Always quantify and screen: — fluid, caffeine and alcohol intake; nocturia episodes (and whether they fall back asleep); pad use (how many, how wet); hematuria (gross vs. microscopic); fevers; flank or suprapubic pain; prior instrumentation, STI, and catheter history; neurologic disease; diabetes; and the medication list (antihistamines, decongestants, opioids, anticholinergics, diuretic timing).

A voiding diary and a validated symptom score (IPSS for BPH — Chapter 4) turn vague complaints into trackable numbers. If you do not measure at baseline, you cannot prove you helped.

Cross-cutting red flags — escalate or work up promptly

  • Gross hematuria (visible blood), especially painless — malignancy until proven otherwise

  • Fever with flank pain or an obstructing stone — possible urosepsis, an emergency

  • Acute inability to urinate with a painful, distended bladder — acute retention

  • Acute severe scrotal pain, especially in an adolescent or young man — torsion until proven otherwise

  • New neurologic deficits with urinary retention or saddle anesthesia — consider cauda equina

  • An elevated or rapidly rising PSA — evaluate it (we use PSA, biomarkers, and MRI, not the DRE, to evaluate for prostate cancer — Chapter 8)

  • Any solid intratesticular mass

1.5 Interpreting the basics

Urinalysis

Post-void residual (PVR)

Creatinine / eGFR

Clinical Pathway

Click any node to expand

Chapter 1 has no disease logic — it is how an Advanced Urology APP actually runs a day. These four tracks turn it into a workflow: how a visit runs start to finish, the full urologic history you owe every patient, how to read the basic tests, and what the practice can do for you.

A dependable sequence for any urology encounter — new consult, follow-up, procedure, or acute problem.

Running the visitA dependable sequence for any urology encounter — new consult, follow-up, procedure, or acute problem. STEP 1 · BEFORE THE ROOMA patient is on your schedule —frame the visit firstNew consult, established follow-up,procedure, or acute problem. STEP 2 · PRE-VISITLOCAL POLICYOpen IntelligentOne on the MacBookNeo and read the generated summaryEvery AU APP is issued a MacBook Neowith IntelligentOne loaded on it. STEP 2 · PRE-VISITReview the objective data BEFOREyou walk inWalking in cold is the most common causeof a wasted visit. STEP 3 · HISTORYTake the FULL urologic history —not just the presenting complaintScreen every patient for LUTS,hematuria, incontinence, sexual… STEP 4 · EXAMDo the focused urologic examFour regions, every time the complainttouches them. WHAT DID THE HISTORY AND EXAM TURN UP? STEP 5 · TRIAGETIME-CRITICALA cross-cutting red flag —escalate or work up promptlyThese do not wait for the nextavailable slot. STEP 5 · TRIAGEA routine urologic problem —build the work-upObjective data first, then theassessment. STEP 5 · TRIAGELOCAL POLICYNot sure? Ask — curbside anyoneThe single most important thing toknow on day one. STEP 6 · PLANFormulate an assessment and ashared planName the diagnosis out loud to thepatient in plain language. STEP 7 · CLOSEClose the loop before they leavethe roomSafety net, who is ordering what, andfollow-up — scheduled before the patien… STEP 8 · AFTER THE VISITComplete the three-part post-visitworkflowReview the analysis, text education, andsend the summary — then send a review… STEP 9 · DISPOSITIONLOCAL POLICYKeep the work inside our fourwallsDefault to keeping imaging, procedures,infusion and pharmacy here.

Select a box to open its teaching details.

Why this is step one

Framing the visit sets your time and documentation expectations before you spend either. A new consult and a stent-check are not the same encounter.

The four frames

  • New consult — full history, full exam, a real differential
  • Established follow-up — did the intervention work, and what is the next decision
  • Procedure visit — consent, anticoagulation, clearance, positioning
  • Acute problem — retention, clot, pain, fever: triage before you settle in
Ch 1.3
Local policy

What it is

IntelligentOne is our AI clinical operating system — an intelligence layer that sits on top of the EMR. No migration, no separate login workflow.

What it does for you

  • Instant pre-visit intelligence — pulls allergies, meds, labs, imaging, prior procedures and insurance from the EMR and generates a structured clinical summary in seconds
  • Ambient AI scribe — records and transcribes the encounter in real time with urology-grade accuracy and drafts the note, including surgical indications
  • Clinical decision support and safety net — checks every encounter against rules: allergy interactions, blood-thinner management before procedures, cardiac-clearance flags, active-surveillance tracking
  • Automated actions — patient-education delivery, referral and appeal letters, prior-authorization checks that predict denials and draft appeals, all with staff approval gates
  • Communication — medical-grade translation and SMS/MMS so you can close the loop in the patient's own language

Why this matters for you

IntelligentOne is what lets our APPs practice at the top of license — it absorbs the documentation and administrative load (practices report 40-60% less admin burden) so your hours go to patients and procedures.

Pitfalls

  • Use it as a second set of eyes, not a substitute for judgment. Verify its recommendations.
  • Escalate anything that does not fit the patient in front of you.
Ch 1.2

The pre-visit checklist

  • Urinalysis and culture
  • PSA trend — with dates, not a single value
  • Creatinine / eGFR
  • Prior imaging — read the actual report, not just the impression
  • Cytology
  • Operative notes
  • Pathology

Pitfalls

  • Reading only the impression line of an imaging report hides the findings that change your plan.
  • A PSA without dates is not a trend and cannot be interpreted.
Ch 1.3

The expectation

This is a core expectation at Advanced Urology, and it is one of the easiest ways to be a great APP rather than an average one. The patient came in for a kidney stone — ask about the stream anyway.

Where the detail lives

The full framework — storage vs. voiding vs. post-micturition, what to quantify, and the cross-cutting red flags — is the Full urologic history track of this pathway.

Ch 1.4

What to examine

  • Abdomen and flank — palpable bladder, CVA tenderness
  • External genitalia
  • DRE only when indicated for a non-sizing assessment, such as tenderness in suspected acute prostatitis; use ultrasound to measure prostate volume (Ch 4)
  • Pelvic exam for female LUTS or prolapse
Ch 1.3

What did the history and exam turn up?

Time-critical

Escalate now

  • Gross hematuria, especially painless — malignancy until proven otherwise
  • Fever with flank pain or an obstructing stone — possible urosepsis, an emergency
  • Acute inability to urinate with a painful, distended bladder — acute retention
  • Acute severe scrotal pain, especially in an adolescent or young man — torsion until proven otherwise
  • New neurologic deficits with urinary retention or saddle anesthesia — consider cauda equina
  • An elevated or rapidly rising PSA — evaluate it (we use PSA, biomarkers and MRI, not the DRE — Ch 8)
  • Any solid intratesticular mass
Ch 1.4

Reach for

  • Urinalysis with microscopy (and culture if indicated)
  • Post-void residual by bladder scan
  • A voiding diary and a validated symptom score — IPSS for BPH (Ch 4)
  • Imaging we own in-house: renal, scrotal and penile ultrasound at every location

Why measure

If you do not measure at baseline, you cannot prove you helped.

Ch 1.4
Local policy

Our culture

  • You can always ask anyone for help. Every physician and every APP here wants to help you, and no one will think less of you for asking.
  • Curbside a colleague, call the on-call urologist, grab whoever is in the hallway.
  • Never sit on uncertainty.

The one unforgivable error

The only unforgivable error in this specialty is the one you sat on quietly. Torsion, sepsis, and cord compression punish delay, not questions.

Ch 1 — opening

What good looks like

  • Say the diagnosis in words the patient will repeat to their spouse in the car
  • Offer the options, not just the one you prefer
  • Tie the plan to the symptom that bothers them most — that is the one you treat

The AU care philosophy

Fix the problem definitively with minimally invasive technology rather than manage it indefinitely with medication — and steer away from drugs (like anticholinergics) whose long-term risks outweigh their benefit.

Ch 1.3

Three things, said out loud

  • The safety net — exactly what should prompt them to call or return
  • Who is ordering what — you, the physician, or an outside office
  • The follow-up interval — make sure the follow-up is scheduled before the patient leaves

Then document it

Let the ambient scribe draft the note, then read it. Documentation stops being the job — it does not stop being your responsibility.

Ch 1.3

The three required actions

  • Review the IntelligentOne post-visit analysis — it evaluates the clinical care against applicable guidelines to help make sure the patient receives the best care and nothing is missed
  • Send the appropriate brochure from Urology411.com — the internal tool texts it directly to the patient
  • Send the patient a post-visit summary

When the visit went well

Also send the patient a review link.

Ch 1.3
Local policy

Our position

  • We control quality, turnaround, and the patient experience best when the imaging, the procedure, the infusion, and the pharmacy are ours.
  • We deliberately avoid sending patients out for imaging or to hospitals whenever we can do it in-house.
  • We accept all major insurances — access should rarely be the barrier to getting a patient treated.

Know what we have and where

It determines whether you can keep a study in-house or have to send it out (Ch 21). See the Know the practice track.

Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology

Screen EVERY patient for the full urologic review of systems, regardless of why they came in.

Full urologic historyScreen EVERY patient for the full urologic review of systems, regardless of why they came in. STEP 1 · THE RULEAsk, whatever they came in for —especially thenA stone visit is a chance to find theBPH, the low testosterone, the… STEP 2 · FRAMESort the LUTS into storage,voiding, or post-micturitionNaming the category guides yourdifferential and your treatment. WHICH LUTS CATEGORY DOMINATES? STEP 3 · CATEGORIZEStorage (irritative)Frequency, urgency, nocturia, urgencyincontinence. STEP 3 · CATEGORIZEVoiding (obstructive)Weak or intermittent stream,hesitancy, straining, terminal… STEP 3 · CATEGORIZEPost-micturitionPost-void dribble, sensation ofincomplete emptying. STEP 4 · QUANTIFYAlways quantify — vague complaintsare not trackableNumbers at baseline are the only way toprove you helped. STEP 5 · SCREENAsk about hematuria — gross versusmicroscopicPainless visible blood is malignancyuntil proven otherwise. STEP 5 · SCREENAsk about incontinence and sexualfunctionTwo domains patients will nevervolunteer. STEP 5 · SCREENIn men of the appropriate age,raise PSA screeningScreening plus a shared decision-makingconversation. STEP 6 · MEASUREConvert the story into numbers:voiding diary + validated scoreIPSS for BPH (Ch 4); a diary foranything nocturia- or fluid-driven. STEP 7 · RED FLAGSTIME-CRITICALStop and escalate on anycross-cutting red flagThese override the rest of the visitagenda.

Select a box to open its teaching details.

Why patients will not raise it

  • They are embarrassed.
  • They assume leaking or a weak stream is "just age."
  • They will not raise it unless you do. A man will sit through an entire stone follow-up and never mention that he gets up five times a night.

Whose job it is

We are the urologists. If a urologic problem walks through our door and leaves undiagnosed because nobody asked, that is on us — no one else is going to catch it. This is also how a practice grows the right way: by taking complete care of the patient in front of you.

Ch 1.4

Why the category matters

Most patients have a mix. Your job is to identify which component bothers them most, because that is the one you treat.

Ch 1.4 — LUTS framework

Which LUTS category dominates?

Typical drivers

  • OAB
  • Infection
  • Stones
  • Bladder tumor / CIS
  • Diabetes
  • CHF
  • Caffeine

Where it goes

Storage-dominant symptoms route to Chapter 5 (OAB and incontinence) — but exclude infection, hematuria and a high PVR first.

Ch 1.4

Typical drivers

  • BPH / bladder-outlet obstruction
  • Urethral stricture
  • Hypocontractile (underactive) bladder
  • Neurogenic bladder
  • Prior surgery

Where it goes

Voiding-dominant symptoms route to Chapter 4 — but a very poor flow in a young man is a stricture until proven otherwise, not BPH.

Ch 1.4

Typical drivers

  • Urine retained in the bulbar urethra
  • High PVR

Practical fix

Post-void dribble from bulbar pooling is often solved with milking the urethra and double-voiding, not a drug — check the PVR before you assume retention.

Ch 1.4

Quantify and screen

  • Fluid, caffeine and alcohol intake
  • Nocturia episodes — and whether they fall back asleep
  • Pad use — how many, and how wet
  • Hematuria — gross vs. microscopic
  • Fevers; flank or suprapubic pain
  • Prior instrumentation, STI, and catheter history
  • Neurologic disease; diabetes

The medication list

  • Antihistamines
  • Decongestants
  • Opioids
  • Anticholinergics
  • Diuretic timing — an evening dose is a common, fixable cause of nocturia
Ch 1.4

What to ask

  • Have you ever seen blood in your urine — even once, even years ago?
  • Was it visible, or did a doctor find it on a test?
  • Any clots?

Why it changes everything

Any prior episode of gross hematuria automatically raises the risk tier for future microhematuria evaluation (Ch 3).

Ch 1.4

Incontinence

  • Leak with cough, laugh, sneeze, lifting — stress
  • Sudden urge then leak — urgency
  • Constant dribbling — think overflow or fistula
  • Pads: how many per day, and how wet

Sexual function

  • Erections — quality, and whether it changed
  • Ejaculation — volume, and whether it disappeared (ask before and after any prostate drug or procedure)
  • Libido — a doorway to low testosterone
Ch 1.4

What to do

  • Ask whether they have ever had a PSA checked
  • Have the shared decision-making conversation — do not order silently (Ch 8)
  • If a PSA exists, put it in date order and look at the trend

Our position

We use PSA, biomarkers and MRI — not the DRE — to evaluate for prostate cancer (Ch 8).

Ch 1.4

Why

A voiding diary and a validated symptom score turn vague complaints into trackable numbers. If you do not measure at baseline, you cannot prove you helped.

Ch 1.4
Time-critical

Escalate or work up promptly

  • Gross hematuria (visible blood), especially painless — malignancy until proven otherwise
  • Fever with flank pain or an obstructing stone — possible urosepsis, an emergency
  • Acute inability to urinate with a painful, distended bladder — acute retention
  • Acute severe scrotal pain, especially in an adolescent or young man — torsion until proven otherwise
  • New neurologic deficits with urinary retention or saddle anesthesia — consider cauda equina
  • An elevated or rapidly rising PSA — evaluate it
  • Any solid intratesticular mass

Pitfalls

  • Do not defer a red flag to "next visit" because it was not the reason they came in.
  • Torsion, sepsis, and cord compression punish delay, not questions — call.
Ch 1.4

Urinalysis, post-void residual, and renal function — the three results you will interpret in almost every visit.

Interpreting the basicsUrinalysis, post-void residual, and renal function — the three results you will interpret in almost every visit. STEP 1 · URINALYSISThe basic results are back — readthem, do not skim themMost urology decisions turn on a UA, aPVR, and a creatinine. STEP 1 · URINALYSISDipstick blood is not hematuriauntil microscopy confirms itThe pad reacts to intact RBCs, freehemoglobin, AND myoglobin. STEP 1 · URINALYSISRead leukocyte esterase andnitrite with their limits in mindNitrite is specific but insensitive. STEP 1 · URINALYSISUse the pH — it points at a stonetypeA number most people skip past. STEP 1 · URINALYSISCasts or proteinuria — hand thisto nephrologyThat is a medical problem, not asurgical one. STEP 2 · PVRMeasure the post-void residualproperlyBladder scan after a comfortable,natural void. HOW TO READ THE PVR NUMBER STEP 2 · PVR< 50-100 mL — normalEmptying is not the problem. STEP 2 · PVR100-200 mL — equivocalRepeat before you act on it. STEP 2 · PVRPersistently > 300 mL —significant retentionThis changes management. STEP 3 · RENAL FUNCTIONKnow the creatinine and eGFRbefore you order or prescribeFour decisions depend on it. STEP 3 · RENAL FUNCTIONTIME-CRITICALNew renal insufficiency in apatient with LUTS → renalultrasoundExclude bilateral hydronephrosis fromobstruction.

Select a box to open its teaching details.

Order of operations

Confirm the abnormality is real before you build a work-up on it. Dipsticks and single bladder scans both mislead.

Ch 1.5

The threshold

  • A positive dipstick is not hematuria until microscopy confirms ≥ 3 RBCs/HPF

Pitfalls

  • Launching a full hematuria work-up off a dipstick alone.
  • Forgetting that rhabdomyolysis (myoglobin) and hemolysis (free hemoglobin) both turn the pad positive with no red cells present.
Ch 1.5 — urinalysis

What the nitrite pad can and cannot see

  • Only nitrate-reducing organisms turn it positive — Enterobacteriaceae
  • Enterococcus and Staph saprophyticus are nitrite-negative

Pitfalls

  • Pyuria without symptoms is not an infection. Do not reflexively treat it.
Ch 1.5 — urinalysis

What the pH tells you

  • Persistently > 7 suggests urea-splitting organisms (Proteus, Klebsiella) → struvite stones
  • Persistently < 5.5 favors uric acid stones
Ch 1.5 — urinalysis

Findings that point away from us

  • RBC casts
  • Dysmorphic RBCs
  • Significant proteinuria

What to do

These point to glomerular disease — that is a nephrology problem, not ours (Ch 3). Refer rather than proceeding to cystoscopy and upper-tract imaging.

Ch 1.5 — urinalysis

Technique

  • Scan after a comfortable, natural void — not after a rushed or prompted one
  • A single high value is not a diagnosis — repeat it
Ch 1.5 — post-void residual

How to read the PVR number

Implication

You have room to treat storage symptoms without worrying about precipitating retention.

Ch 1.5

Implication

Recheck on another day after a natural void. Do not build a management change on one equivocal scan.

Ch 1.5

What changes

  • Do not add a drug that worsens emptying
  • Check renal function
  • Reconsider the diagnosis — obstruction, underactive bladder, or neurogenic disease
Ch 1.5

Always know renal function before

  • Ordering contrast
  • Prescribing nitrofurantoin
  • Dosing Hiprex
  • Planning nephron loss
Ch 1.5 — creatinine / eGFR
Time-critical

Why

Obstructive uropathy is reversible if you find it. New renal insufficiency plus LUTS should prompt a renal ultrasound to exclude bilateral hydronephrosis from obstruction.

In-house

We have ultrasound (renal, scrotal, penile) at every location — there is no reason to send this out.

Ch 1.5 — creatinine / eGFR

What Advanced Urology can do, where, and how your own scope grows — this determines your plan as much as the diagnosis does.

Know the practiceWhat Advanced Urology can do, where, and how your own scope grows — this determines your plan as much as the diagnosis does. STEP 1 · ORIENTATIONKnow what we have and whereAbout 50 providers, 14 clinics, 6ambulatory surgery centers. STEP 2 · ACCESSLOCAL POLICYUse same-day access — appointmentsand surgeryOR access is our strength, not aconstraint. STEP 2 · ACCESSTIME-CRITICALKnow the one boundary: an ASCcannot admitSame-day-discharge facility — noovernight, no ICU. STEP 3 · RESOURCESLOCAL POLICYImaging we own — and where itlivesUltrasound everywhere; PET/CT atSnellville. STEP 3 · RESOURCESLOCAL POLICYInterventional radiology is partof the practice — colleagues, nota referral2 dedicated IR surgery centers:Alpharetta and Decatur. STEP 3 · RESOURCESLOCAL POLICYCenters of Excellence anchor ourdifferentiated careWhere AU leads — and where you should besteering appropriate patients. STEP 3 · RESOURCESLOCAL POLICYComprehensive cancer care in-houseInfusion and pharmacy under our ownroof. STEP 4 · PHILOSOPHYLOCAL POLICYFix the problem — do not manage itindefinitelyThe sentence that explains most of therest of this guide. STEP 5 · YOUR ROLELOCAL POLICYPractice at the top of yourlicense — this is not a scribe jobYou will run a clinic, and you will moveinto the procedural side. STEP 5 · YOUR ROLELOCAL POLICYAdvance through the competencypathway — scope is earned, notassumedFour stages, procedure by procedure, atyour own pace. STEP 6 · DAY ONELOCAL POLICYAsk for help — that is the wholecultureThe single most important thing to knowon day one.

Select a box to open its teaching details.

The footprint

  • One of the largest urology groups in metro Atlanta — about 50 total providers
  • 14 clinics
  • 6 state-of-the-art ambulatory surgery centers
  • 2 interventional radiology surgery centers
  • PET/CT molecular imaging, histotripsy, and more

The point

Very little has to leave the practice. Knowing what we own determines whether you can keep a study in-house or have to send it out (Ch 21).

Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology
Local policy

What we are built for

  • Same-day access to appointments and surgery
  • Care pathways that quickly get patients to their desired outcome
  • Automation that improves efficiency and reduces errors

Urgent add-ons, every day of the week

  • Priapism
  • Urinary retention with urethral stricture
  • Stent placement and exchange
  • And more — if a patient needs the OR, we get them there
Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology
Time-critical

The rule

  • Any patient who will need an overnight admission or an ICU bed goes to the hospital instead.

The patient this matters most for

The septic patient with an obstructed, infected stone. That patient needs emergent decompression AND inpatient sepsis care — hospital, not ASC (Ch 2.4).

Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology
Local policy

In-house imaging

  • Ultrasound (renal, scrotal, penile) at every location
  • PET/CT — PSMA and FDG — at Snellville, with Alpharetta coming

Why it matters

Know what we have and where — it determines whether you can keep a study in-house or have to send it out (Ch 21).

Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology
Local policy

What our IR colleagues do

  • Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) — Ch 4
  • Varicocele embolization — Ch 12

How to talk about it

They are part of the practice. Frame it to the patient as an in-house procedure, not an outside referral.

Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology
Local policy

The programs

  • Prostatic artery embolization (PAE)
  • UroLift
  • Medtronic InterStim sacral neuromodulation
  • PET/CT molecular imaging
  • Tibial neuromodulation
Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology
Local policy

What we provide

  • Infusion therapy (immunotherapy)
  • Pharmacy dispensing of advanced prostate-cancer agents
  • So patients are treated within the practice (Ch 20)

Access

We accept all major insurances — access should rarely be the barrier to getting a patient treated.

Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology
Local policy

Care philosophy

  • Fix the problem definitively with minimally invasive technology rather than manage it indefinitely with medication
  • Steer away from drugs (like anticholinergics) whose long-term risks outweigh their benefit

Keep care inside our four walls

We control quality, turnaround, and the patient experience best when the imaging, the procedure, the infusion, and the pharmacy are ours. Default to keeping the work here.

How chapters are marked

Boxes marked "Advanced Urology position" reflect how we practice here — which sometimes differs deliberately from the generic guideline default.

Ch 1 — About Advanced Urology
Local policy

Clinic scope from the start

  • New consults and follow-ups
  • Chronic BPH and overactive bladder
  • Hematuria and PSA work-ups
  • Catheter and stent problems
  • Cancer surveillance

The procedural scope open to our APPs

  • Cystoscopy
  • Prostate biopsy
  • Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy and stent placement
  • Sacral neuromodulation (SNS)
  • Peripheral nerve evaluation (PNE)
  • Intravesical BCG and chemotherapy
  • Catheter and suprapubic-tube management
  • Urethral dilation — well beyond bladder scans, uroflow/PVR and stent-on-a-string removal
Ch 1.1
Local policy

The structured pathway

  • Observe
  • Assist
  • Perform with the physician scrubbed
  • Perform with the physician immediately available

How it moves

You advance procedure by procedure as you and your supervising physician agree you are ready. The pace is individual. You will not do all of this on day one, and you are not expected to. Step-by-step technique for each procedure is in Ch 26.

The support around it

  • Best-in-class training, genuine autonomy, and direct physician supervision always available — supported, never on your own, never boxed in
  • Nobody is pushed into a procedure before they are ready, and nobody is held back once they are
Ch 1.1
Local policy

How we work

  • You can always ask anyone for help — every physician and every APP here wants to help you
  • No one will think less of you for asking
  • Curbside a colleague, call the on-call urologist, grab whoever is in the hallway

Pitfalls

  • Never sit on uncertainty. The only unforgivable error in this specialty is the one you sat on quietly.
  • Torsion, sepsis, and cord compression punish delay, not questions.
  • Do not hesitate to call because you are worried about "finding a room" — if the patient needs the OR, call.
Ch 1 — opening

Suggest a change

Reviewed before anything changes

Something wrong, out of date, or missing? Say so here. Your note is logged against this chapter and this location. No account needed.

NextUrologic Emergencies